Because these emissions are largely committed before a building opens, local governments can uncover a unique opportunity for decarbonization early in the construction process.
Concrete is often one of the largest sources of embodied carbon in a building project. By setting limits on cement content or global warming potential, jurisdictions can achieve meaningful emissions reductions while encouraging the market to adopt lower-carbon alternatives. During a panel session on Thursday afternoon, October 8, moderated by Amy Discher from Southern California Edison, staff from Marin County and the City of Santa Monica shared lessons from developing and implementing low-carbon concrete ordinances.
Marin County: A Model for Market Transformation
Mark Chhabria, Senior Sustainability Analyst for Marin County, described how the County became an early leader in this space. With support from a Climate Protection Grant, Marin assessed available concrete mixes, supplier capabilities, and opportunities to reduce emissions without compromising strength, durability, or constructability. The County convened a regional working group of structural engineers, concrete suppliers, environmental organizations, public agencies, and other stakeholders. This effort led to Marin’s adoption of the first low-carbon concrete ordinance of its kind in the United States in 2019.
Marin designed its ordinance to simplify compliance and enforcement. The building department verifies compliance through mix designs, environmental product declarations (EPDs), and receipts. A list of pre-qualified concrete mixes further streamlines the process, allowing contractors to select compliant products without developing custom solutions for every project.
Chhabria highlighted four lessons for jurisdictions considering similar policies:
1. Engage the market early. Understand what suppliers can realistically provide before establishing requirements.
2. Make compliance easy. Clear rules and pre-qualified product lists reduce administrative burdens.
3. Use implementation as education. Building inspectors and permit staff can help contractors navigate requirements, not just enforce them.
4. Look beyond individual projects. Long-term benefits include expanded product availability, supplier innovation, and changing market norms.
What’s striking in the case of Marin County is not only the direct climate impact of their local ordinance, but the broader impact it made to the market. In 2025 alone (just 6 years after Marin’s ordinance was adopted), the number of pre-qualified mixes available to contractors grew from roughly nine to more than thirty. Since the County’s adoption, suppliers began developing more compliant products, becoming more comfortable with the requirements, and in some cases finding that lower-cement mixes were also cost-effective to produce. The shift highlights how the impacts of Marin’s ordinance now spill over into the region surrounding the County’s borders.
Santa Monica: Flexibility and Forward Planning
Peter Roquemore, Sustainability Analyst for the City of Santa Monica, reinforced the importance of engaging suppliers while planning for practical implementation. Although more local suppliers can meet the City’s lower-carbon concrete criteria, challenges remain. Certain mixes may require longer curing times, creating scheduling constraints for large commercial developments and municipal projects.
Santa Monica’s experience underscores the importance of balancing ambitious emissions-reduction goals with real-world construction needs, including project timelines, material availability, and flexibility as the market evolves.
Lessons for Local Governments
Marin County and Santa Monica demonstrate how local policy can reduce embodied carbon while accelerating market transformation beyond jurisdictional boundaries. By engaging stakeholders early, simplifying compliance, and planning for implementation challenges, local governments can make lower-carbon materials more accessible and practical.
The broader takeaway: Low-carbon concrete is moving from a specialized alternative toward a more common construction option. Thoughtfully designed local ordinances can help drive that shift, delivering climate benefits that extend well beyond the communities that adopt them.
Ready to take the next step? Jurisdictions interested in reducing embodied carbon can start by assessing local concrete supplier capabilities, reviewing existing low-carbon concrete ordinances from Marin County and Santa Monica, contacting the Statewide Reach Code Program team, and engaging building officials, contractors, and structural engineers to identify feasible requirements. Starting with these conversations can help jurisdictions develop practical, cost-effective policies that reduce emissions while supporting successful implementation.